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Accurate Cure Modeling for Isothermal Processing of Fast Curing Epoxy Resins
Alexander Bernath1, Luise Kärger2, Frank Henning3,4
1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Vehicle System Technology, Chair for Lightweight Technology, Rintheimer Querallee 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. alexander.bernath@kit.edu.
Polymers
|April 13, 2019
Summary
Accurate epoxy resin cure modeling requires accounting for vitrification. The Grindling kinetic model, validated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data, accurately predicts cure behavior, highlighting the importance of isothermal measurements.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Chemical Engineering
- Polymer Science
Background:
- Composite manufacturing processes like resin transfer molding often involve isothermal curing below the glass transition temperature.
- Premature vitrification during curing is a critical phenomenon that must be incorporated into kinetic models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a holistic approach for characterizing and mathematically modeling the reaction kinetics of fast epoxy resins.
- To compare the predictive capabilities of the Kamal-Malkin and Grindling kinetic models for isothermal processing, focusing on vitrification.
- To determine the essential differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements for accurate cure modeling.
Main Methods:
- Characterization and mathematical modeling of epoxy resin reaction kinetics.
- Comparative analysis of Kamal-Malkin and Grindling kinetic models for isothermal curing.
- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements (non-isothermal, isothermal, combined) for model parametrization.
- Evaluation of isothermal DSC data, considering pre-measurement cross-linking and physical aging effects.
Main Results:
- The Grindling kinetic model, unlike the Kamal-Malkin model, can account for vitrification during epoxy resin curing.
- Isothermal DSC measurements were found to be crucial for accurate modeling of isothermal cure, despite potential deviations.
- The Grindling kinetic model, utilizing comprehensive DSC data, achieved accurate cure predictions.
Conclusions:
- Accurate kinetic modeling of epoxy resin cure necessitates the inclusion of vitrification.
- Isothermal DSC measurements are indispensable for reliable isothermal cure modeling.
- The Grindling kinetic model provides a robust framework for predicting epoxy resin cure behavior in composite manufacturing.
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