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Researchers developed reversible shape-memory polyurethane foams. These advanced materials offer programmable shape recovery, enhancing applications in medicine and consumer goods.

Keywords:
polyurethane foamsreversible actuationreversible shape-memory effect

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Water-blown polyurethane (PU) foams are technologically significant in diverse industries.
  • The one-way shape-memory effect (SME) in PU foams has driven research into porous polymeric actuators.
  • High expansion ratios are crucial for applications like aneurysm treatment and space-saving transportation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a reversible shape-memory effect (rSME) in water-blown semicrystalline PU foams.
  • To investigate the morphology, thermal, thermomechanical, and shape-memory properties of synthesized foams.
  • To overcome the programming limitation of traditional shape-memory polymeric (SMP) foams.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of PU foams using crystallizable poly(ε-caprolactone)-diols of varying molecular weights.
  • Characterization of foam density, melting temperatures, and thermal properties.
  • Evaluation of one-way SME and rSME through thermomechanical testing.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized foams had densities ranging from 110 to 180 kg∙m⁻³.
  • Peak melting temperatures varied from 36 to 47 °C with a melting interval of approximately 15 K.
  • Foams exhibited excellent one-way SME (shape-fixity >100%, shape-recovery ~99%) and a notable rSME of ~12% in specific compositions.

Conclusions:

  • Achieved a reversible shape-memory effect in water-blown semicrystalline PU foams.
  • The study opens avenues for systematic investigation of rSMEs in porous polymeric materials.
  • Potential applications include zero thermal expansion covers and body-conforming cushions.