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Horizontal curves are essential in highway and railroad design, ensuring smooth and safe transitions between straight path segments, or tangents. These curves allow vehicles to maintain speed without abrupt changes, minimizing accidents and improving travel efficiency.A horizontal curve is typically defined by its geometric relationship to two tangents that meet at an intersection point (P.I.), where a simple curve is introduced to connect them. The back tangent refers to the initial tangent...
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Assessing Horizontal Force Production in Resisted Sprinting: Computation and Practical Interpretation.

Matt R Cross, Farhan Tinwala, Seth Lenetsky

    International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
    |April 13, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Assessing horizontal force in resisted sprinting requires clear methods to avoid confusion. This commentary clarifies computation and training implementation for better performance enhancement.

    Keywords:
    friction coefficientground-reaction forceheavy sledkineticspowersprint trainingsystem mass

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Sports Science
    • Exercise Physiology

    Background:

    • Horizontal force assessment in overground sprinting is growing due to technological advances.
    • External resistance is of interest for developing horizontal force, but consensus on its assessment is lacking.
    • Lack of consensus on resisted sprinting force computation creates a confusing narrative for performance enhancement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a clear narrative on assessing and computing horizontal force in resisted sprinting.
    • To clarify the impact of methodological approaches on training implementation.
    • To guide researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate resistance methods.

    Main Methods:

    • The commentary reviews existing literature on horizontal force assessment in sprinting.
    • It uses resisted sled sprints as a case study to highlight methodological issues, including friction.
    • A practical synthesis is offered to guide method selection.

    Main Results:

    • Substandard methodological practices and improper friction accounting pose risks in resisted sprinting.
    • Clearer computation and understanding of resisted sprinting are needed for effective training.
    • The commentary identifies key challenges for future development.

    Conclusions:

    • Standardizing the assessment and computation of horizontal force in resisted sprinting is crucial.
    • Methodological clarity is essential for the practical application of resistance training for performance enhancement.
    • Further research is needed to address identified challenges in resisted sprinting analysis.