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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

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Unsupervised PrEP in routine practice: a new challenge?

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Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can prevent HIV infection. A case study highlights the importance of investigating unsupervised PrEP use in individuals with atypical HIV seroconversion and low viral load.

Keywords:
Preventiondiagnosishuman immunodeficiency virussexual behaviourtreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using tenofovir/emtricitabine is a recommended HIV prevention strategy.
  • Individuals at substantial risk for HIV infection are candidates for PrEP.
  • Atypical HIV seroconversion patterns can occur, necessitating careful diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of primary HIV infection in a patient on unsupervised PrEP.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges associated with atypical HIV seroconversion.
  • To emphasize the need to investigate unsupervised PrEP use in such cases.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 28-year-old man who has sex with men.
  • Clinical referral for primary HIV infection.
  • Western blot analysis showing positive p18, p24, and gp160 bands.
  • Measurement of HIV plasma viral load.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with positive HIV Western blot bands indicative of infection.
  • A low HIV plasma viral load was detected.
  • The patient was reportedly using unsupervised PrEP.

Conclusions:

  • HIV misdiagnosis should be considered in cases of atypical seroconversion with low viral burden.
  • Unsupervised pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use must be systematically investigated in patients with unusual HIV presentations.