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Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
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Optimizing optical coherence tomography and histopathology correlation in retinal imaging.

Carlos A Moreira-Neto1, Sabrina Bergeron2, Jacqueline Coblentz3

  • 1Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada; Ophthalmology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital de Olhos do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.

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A new method correlates optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with histopathology in post-mortem eyes. This technique accurately maps retinal lesions and structures, improving understanding of OCT findings.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Histopathology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina.
  • Histopathological analysis offers detailed cellular and tissue morphology.
  • Correlating OCT images with histopathology is crucial for validating OCT findings and understanding ocular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a methodology for correlating OCT images with histopathological sections from the same post-mortem eyes.
  • To identify the optimal fixative for preserving ocular tissues for both OCT and histopathological analysis.
  • To establish a protocol for precise matching of OCT scans and corresponding tissue sections.

Main Methods:

  • Part 1: Six fixatives were evaluated in rabbit and human post-mortem eyes based on globe shape, opacity, retinal detachment, and nuclear details.
  • Part 2: Eyes fixed with the optimal fixative (2% glutaraldehyde) were imaged using OCT.
  • Orientation-controlled serial histopathological sections were prepared and matched to OCT images using anatomical landmarks.

Main Results:

  • 2% glutaraldehyde and Davidson's solution were identified as suitable fixatives in initial tests.
  • Glutaraldehyde demonstrated comparable results in human eyes and was selected for further study.
  • The developed protocol successfully correlated OCT images with histopathological findings, identifying retinal lesions like macular holes, epiretinal membranes, and drusen.
  • The photoreceptor inner/outer junction was accurately correlated with a specific hyperreflective band on OCT.

Conclusions:

  • A standardized protocol for correlating OCT images and histopathological findings was successfully developed.
  • This methodology enables precise matching of cross-sectional retinal images and tissue sections.
  • The protocol enhances the interpretation of OCT findings and aids in understanding ocular pathologies.