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Related Experiment Videos

Ca-controlled, reversible structural transition in myelin.

A E Blaurock, J L Yale, B I Roots

    Neurochemical Research
    |August 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Goldfish spinal cord myelin swells in saline, converting from AS to AL states. Calcium withdrawal reverses this swelling, suggesting oligodendrocytes maintain myelin by pumping out calcium.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biophysics
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Myelin sheath swelling is observed in excised goldfish spinal cord.
    • Myelin undergoes a conversion from an original repeating distance (AS myelin) to a swollen state (AL myelin).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the factors influencing myelin swelling and compaction.
    • To understand the role of calcium in maintaining myelin structure.

    Main Methods:

    • X-ray diffraction was used to measure myelin repeating distances.
    • Experiments involved manipulating saline composition (glucose, Ca++, Mg++, Sr++, Ba++, NaCN) and temperature.
    • Myelin conversion and recompaction were induced and observed under various conditions.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Myelin swelling (AS to AL) is promoted by omitting glucose, substituting 2-deoxy-D-glucose, or adding NaCN.
    • Calcium is essential for myelin conversion; its absence prevents swelling.
    • Withdrawal of calcium from saline can reverse AL myelin to AS myelin (recompaction), with NaCN affecting this process.

    Conclusions:

    • Oligodendrocytes may maintain AS myelin in vivo by actively pumping calcium out of the myelin sheath.
    • The observed myelin swelling and recompaction cycle in goldfish may be relevant to human peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin.