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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
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Encoding01:19

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Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
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Resonance02:52

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The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
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Phase-Encoded Hyperpolarized Nanodiamond for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

David E J Waddington1, Thomas Boele1, Ewa Rej1

  • 1ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.

Scientific Reports
|April 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanodiamonds show promise for hyperpolarized MRI theranostics. Their unique properties enable phase-contrast imaging, distinguishing nanoparticles by spin orientation for advanced disease detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Surface-functionalized nanomaterials are explored for theranostic applications, combining disease detection and biological process tracking via hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Ideal candidate materials require spinful nuclei with long spin-lattice relaxation (T1) and spin-dephasing times (T2), alongside electron reservoirs for hyperpolarization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of nanodiamonds as versatile theranostic agents for hyperpolarized 13C MRI.
  • To introduce a novel phase-contrast imaging modality based on nanoparticle spin orientation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing nanodiamonds with intrinsic paramagnetic defect centers.
  • Leveraging long nuclear T1 times (hours) and suitable T2 times for spatial resolution.
  • Employing phase-encoded hyperpolarization aligned or anti-aligned with the magnetic field.

Main Results:

  • Nanodiamonds exhibit properties suitable for hyperpolarized 13C MRI, including long relaxation times.
  • A new imaging modality was enabled, exploiting phase-contrast unique to nanoparticles.
  • Nanoparticles can be tagged and distinguished in MRI based solely on their spin orientation.

Conclusions:

  • Nanodiamonds are a versatile material system for advanced hyperpolarized MRI theranostics.
  • Phase-encoded hyperpolarization offers a novel method for nanoparticle imaging and comparison of bio-functionalized complexes.