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Pervasive admixture between eucalypt species has consequences for conservation and assisted migration.

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Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Genetics
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Conservation management relies on genetic population structure for restoration and reintroduction.
  • Admixture in non-isolated species can influence population genetic parameter estimation.
  • Genetically informed strategies must assess hybridization's relevance to conservation outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the extent of hybridization between *Eucalyptus regnans* and *Eucalyptus obliqua*.
  • To investigate how admixture influences genetic diversity and population structure.
  • To assess the impact of removing admixed individuals on genetic parameter estimates.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to identify over 2,400 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
  • Analysis of 18 *Eucalyptus regnans* populations across south-eastern Australia.
  • Comparison of genetic diversity and structure metrics with and without admixed individuals.

Main Results:

  • Hybrid individuals were found in all sampled populations, with two highly introgressed populations identified.
  • Hybrid distribution was associated with temperature.
  • Removal of hybrids increased genetic differentiation (FST), heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient, altering isolation-by-distance patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Hybridization significantly influences population genetic structure and diversity metrics in *Eucalyptus regnans*.
  • Conservation decisions regarding provenancing for restoration require knowledge of hybridization.
  • Adaptive introgression may be relevant for species that regularly hybridize, impacting restoration strategies.