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Spiral Layer-by-Layer Micro-Nanostructured Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Ohan S Manoukian1,2, Aja Aravamudhan1, Paul Lee3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|April 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel spiral scaffolds with nanofibers and hydroxyapatite (HA) promote bone regeneration by enhancing cell activity and tissue ingrowth. These advanced composite scaffolds show significant promise for bone defect repair.

Keywords:
bone tissue engineeringhydroxyapatitelayer-by-layernanocompositenanofibersrabbit ulnar defect modelscaffolds

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Bone regeneration requires advanced scaffolds that mimic native tissue structure and promote cellular interaction.
  • Current scaffolds often lack sufficient surface area and bioactivity for optimal bone healing.
  • Developing composite materials with controlled ion release is crucial for enhancing osteogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize novel composite micro-nanostructured spiral scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration.
  • To investigate the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) functionalization and controlled calcium ion (Ca2+) release on scaffold bioactivity.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo performance of spiral scaffolds compared to control microstructures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) spiral scaffolds with integrated PLGA nanofibers.
  • Layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) for controlled Ca2+ incorporation and release.
  • In vitro assessment of rat bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation.
  • In vivo evaluation of scaffold performance in a rabbit ulnar bone defect model.

Main Results:

  • Spiral scaffolds exhibited enhanced surface area and controlled Ca2+ release (10-50 μg up to 60 days).
  • Enhanced MSCs adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation on spiral scaffolds compared to controls.
  • Homogeneous tissue ingrowth and early bone-island formation observed in the center of spiral scaffolds in vivo.
  • Control scaffolds demonstrated limited tissue ingrowth restricted to the surface.

Conclusions:

  • Composite micro-nanostructured spiral scaffolds functionalized with HA and nanofibers significantly improve bone regeneration.
  • The unique architecture and controlled ion release promote superior cellular response and tissue integration.
  • These findings highlight the potential of spiral scaffolds for clinical applications in bone defect repair.