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A wheat/rye polymorphism affects seminal root length and yield across different irrigation regimes
Tyson Howell1, Jorge I Moriconi2, Xueqiang Zhao3
1Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Journal of Experimental Botany
|April 13, 2019
Summary
Wheat lines with a specific rye chromosome segment (1RSRW) exhibit shorter roots due to arrested root growth. This genetic variation impacts soil moisture access, biomass, and grain yield, offering potential for root architecture modulation.
Area of Science:
- Plant Genetics
- Agronomy
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- A rye chromosome segment (1RSRW) in wheat is linked to reduced yield and water use.
- This segment may affect root development and soil moisture acquisition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of the 1RSRW translocation on wheat root architecture.
- To understand the physiological mechanisms behind reduced root growth in 1RSRW lines.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of root length in field and hydroponic settings.
- Examination of root apical meristem (RAM) development and function.
- Assessment of biomass using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).
Main Results:
- Wheat lines with the 1RSRW arm showed significantly shorter seminal roots compared to 1RS lines.
- 1RSRW lines exhibited developmentally regulated RAM arrest, leading to cessation of root elongation.
- Altered reactive oxygen species gradients and lateral root formation near the RAM were observed in 1RSRW plants.
- Reduced biomass and grain yield were noted in 1RSRW lines, particularly under water stress.
Conclusions:
- The 1RSRW translocation impairs root growth by arresting the RAM.
- This genetic variation affects water uptake, biomass, and yield, with implications for crop performance under varying irrigation.
- The 1RSRW genetic variation presents an opportunity for modulating wheat root architecture for improved crop traits.
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