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Dawn of precision medicine on gastric cancer

Takahiro Ishii1, Akihito Kawazoe1, Kohei Shitara2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.

International Journal of Clinical Oncology
|April 13, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Advances in understanding gastric cancer biology are guiding targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Further research aims to improve treatment selection for precision medicine in gastric cancer patients.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Recent progress has improved understanding of gastric cancer biology and molecular features.
  • This knowledge aids in patient stratification and the development of targeted therapies.
  • The effectiveness of PD-1 blockade is currently limited to a subset of advanced gastric cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review preclinical and clinical studies on molecular features, treatment targets, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastric cancer.
  • To explore the potential for novel therapeutic strategies and biomarkers in gastric cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies indexed in PubMed.
  • Analysis of congress webpages from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society of Medical Oncology.
  • Focus on molecular features, targeted therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastric cancer.

Main Results:

  • Next-generation sequencing has elucidated the genomic landscape of gastric cancer, leading to proposed molecular classifications and identified subtypes.
  • Clinical trials are underway for novel agents including receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and IMAB362 (anti-Claudin 18.2).
  • Biomarkers for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination therapies are under active investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in understanding molecular profiles facilitate the development of novel gastric cancer agents.
  • Improved treatment selection for immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination therapies is crucial.
  • These developments pave the way for precision medicine in gastric cancer.
Keywords:
Claudin 18.2Gastric cancerImmune checkpoint inhibitorsMolecular profilesReceptor tyrosine kinases

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