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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Developing a synthetic composite membrane for cleft palate repair.

Faiza Sharif1, Sabiniano Roman2, Anila Asif1

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Researchers developed a new synthetic membrane to repair oronasal fistulas. This flexible, non-toxic, and angiogenic material shows promise for permanent fistula closure.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Oronasal fistulas are abnormal passages between the oral and nasal cavities.
  • Current surgical treatments involve mucosal flaps or collagen grafts.
  • A need exists for advanced, cell-free synthetic repair materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a cell-free, synthetic repair material for oronasal fistula closure.
  • To create functionalized electrospun composite polymer membranes with pro-angiogenic properties.
  • To assess the material's biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and efficacy in promoting tissue repair.

Main Methods:

  • Surface functionalization of electrospun polyurethane (PU) and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) composite membranes using plasma polymerization with acrylic acid.
  • Layer-by-layer treatment to create electrostatic layers for heparin binding.
  • Physical, chemical, and mechanical characterization of membranes.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity testing using MC3T3 pre-osteoblast cell lines.
  • In vivo assessment of vasculogenesis in chick embryos and biocompatibility in rats.

Main Results:

  • Plasma-coated PU-PLLA membranes exhibited random fiber structures with controlled diameters.
  • Significantly enhanced MC3T3 cell proliferation and migration on plasma-coated membranes compared to uncoated controls.
  • Plasma-coated membranes demonstrated increased angiogenic potential.
  • In vivo implantation in rats showed no gross toxicity and comparable wound healing to native tissue repair.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma-functionalized electrospun composite polymer membranes represent a promising new material for fistula treatment.
  • The developed membranes are flexible, non-cytotoxic, and possess angiogenic properties.
  • This material holds potential for achieving permanent closure of oronasal fistulas.