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Cryoglobulins and infectious diseases.

M Galli, F Invernizzi, M Chemotti

    La Ricerca in Clinica E in Laboratorio
    |April 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Infectious diseases can trigger cryoglobulin production, particularly in hepatitis A and B infections. Cryoglobulins, often IgM-based, are linked to persistent liver damage but not directly to HTLV-III infection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Hepatology

    Background:

    • Cryoglobulins are abnormal proteins found in the blood, often associated with certain infections and autoimmune diseases.
    • Their presence and type can indicate disease activity and prognosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between various infectious diseases and cryoglobulin production.
    • To determine the prevalence and characteristics of cryoglobulins in different types of hepatitis and other infections.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of cryoglobulin prevalence and type in patients with hepatitis A, non-A, non-B hepatitis, and HBsAg-positive hepatitis.
    • Detection of specific antibodies (anti-HAV-IgM, HBsAg, HBeAg, delta agent, HTLV-III) using serological methods.
    • Correlation of cryoglobulin presence with disease phase, liver damage, and other clinical parameters.

    Main Results:

    • High cryoglobulin prevalence (91%) in acute hepatitis A, decreasing rapidly. Cryoglobulins were mainly IgM type III, with anti-HAV-IgM detected.
    • Lower prevalence (44.7%) in non-A, non-B hepatitis, also decreasing over time. Type III cryoglobulins were observed.
    • Prevalence of 73.4% in HBsAg-positive hepatitis (type III). No correlation with HBeAg or delta agent. Cryoglobulin presence linked to persistent liver damage.
    • Cryoglobulins absent in HBsAg carriers. Preliminary evidence suggests presence in 41.6% of HTLV-III positive subjects with lymphadenopathy, without liver impairment.

    Conclusions:

    • Cryoglobulin production is linked to various infectious agents, notably in hepatitis A, B, and non-A, non-B hepatitis.
    • Cryoglobulins, particularly type III IgM, are associated with acute hepatitis and persistent liver damage.
    • Further research is needed to clarify the role of cryoglobulins in HTLV-III infections.

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