Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026
08:34
Robot-assisted Partial Splenectomy
Published on: January 2, 2026
484
The ERUS Curriculum for Robot-assisted Partial Nephrectomy: Structure Definition and Pilot Clinical Validation
Alessandro Larcher1, Geert De Naeyer2, Filippo Turri3
1Department of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; ORSI Academy, Melle, Belgium; Department of Urology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium.
European Urology
|April 14, 2019
Summary
A new curriculum for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) training was developed. This structured program can help surgeons reduce risks during the learning curve, improving patient outcomes in RAPN procedures.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Surgical Education
- Robotics
Background:
- No standardized training program exists for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).
- A validated curriculum is needed to ensure surgeon competency and patient safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define the structure of a novel curriculum for RAPN.
- To pilot clinical validation of this RAPN training curriculum.
Main Methods:
- Modified Delphi consensus methodology with 27 experts to define curriculum structure.
- One trainee completed the curriculum, followed by comparison of 40 curriculum-trained RAPN (cRAPN) patients with 160 standard-of-care RAPN (sRAPN) patients.
- Propensity score matching, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and linear regression were used for analysis.
Main Results:
- Consensus achieved on key curriculum components.
- No significant differences in complications, blood loss, ischemia time, renal function, or positive margins between cRAPN and sRAPN.
- Operative time was longer for cRAPN; trainee experience correlated with surgical independence.
- Study limitations include a single trainee and institution, and small sample size.
Conclusions:
- The developed curriculum can mitigate risks associated with the surgeon's learning curve in RAPN.
- This program can assist surgeons initiating RAPN programs, potentially improving patient safety.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Pilot and Numeric Relaying
487
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
487
01:29Definite Integral
53
Consider a real-valued function defined on a closed interval. One of the fundamental objectives in calculus is to determine the area under the graph of such a function. When an exact computation is not readily available, this area can be estimated by dividing the interval into a finite number of equal subintervals. Each subinterval corresponds to a rectangle whose width is the length of the subinterval and whose height is determined by the value of the function at a selected point within that...
53
01:29Reliability and Validity
13.8K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
13.8K
01:26Definition of z-Transform
1.6K
The z-transform is a powerful mathematical tool used in the analysis of discrete-time signals and systems. It is an essential analytical tool, analogous to the Laplace transform used in continuous-time systems. It plays a crucial role in the analysis of signals and systems, complementing the discrete-time Fourier transform. Both the z-transform and the Laplace transform convert differential or difference equations into algebraic equations, simplifying the process of solving complex problems.
1.6K
01:30Properties of Definite Integral I
49
A car’s motion over time can be effectively analyzed using integral calculus, particularly through the concept of the definite integral applied to a velocity–time relationship. The definite integral describes how velocity accumulates over a specified time interval to produce total displacement. From a geometric perspective, this displacement is interpreted as the area under the velocity–time curve. Several key properties of definite integrals make it easier to analyze motion...
49
01:24Properties of Definite Integral II
49
Definite integrals are essential tools in calculus, used to quantify accumulated change over an interval. A common physical application is calculating the total displacement from a velocity-time graph. If a velocity function, v(t), describes the motion of an object over time, the definite integral gives the net displacement between times a and b. This integral corresponds to the signed area under the velocity curve between those two points.Two fundamental properties of definite integrals aid in...
49