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Evaluation of Factors Related to Mortality Caused by Firearm Injury: A Retrospective Analysis from Malatya, Turkey
Kasım Turgut1, Ali Gür2, Taner Güven2
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Research and Training Hospital, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
Insights
Firearm injuries are a growing global health crisis. This study found that lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, higher Injury Severity Scores (ISS), and head/neck injuries significantly increase mortality risk in firearm victims.
Area of Science:
- Trauma Surgery
- Public Health
- Forensic Medicine
Background:
- Firearm-related injuries represent a significant and increasing global health burden, contributing to mortality worldwide.
- Understanding the factors influencing mortality in firearm injury cases is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify key factors associated with mortality in patients admitted for firearm-related injuries.
- To analyze demographic, injury-specific, and treatment-related variables in relation to survival outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of hospital records for 174 patients admitted with firearm injuries between January 2011 and December 2015.
- Evaluation of patient demographics, injury characteristics (weapon type, body region), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and hospitalization details.
Main Results:
- Mortality rate was 17.2% (30 out of 174 patients).
- Suicidal firearm injuries (P=0.003), head/neck injuries (P<0.001), lower GCS (P<0.001), and higher ISS (P<0.001) were significantly associated with increased mortality.
- Hospitalization duration was shorter for deceased patients (P=0.042).
Conclusions:
- Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), suicide attempts, head-neck region injuries, and hospitalization department are significant predictors of mortality in firearm injuries.
- These findings highlight critical indicators for risk stratification and targeted interventions in managing firearm trauma.
Background:
Firearm related injuries continue to increase throughout the world and they become the first or second cause of mortality in worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the factors that affect mortality in firearm injuries.
Methods:
The patients which were admitted to emergency service between January 2011 and December 2015 due to firearm injuries, were reviewed from hospital records. The patients were evaluated in terms of their age, sex, event time, admission time, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), the reason of event, type of weapon, the region of the body that injured, department in which they were hospitalized, hospitalization duration and the relation between these parameters and mortality.
Results:
A total of 174 patients (86.8% male, 13.2% female) were identified. The mean age of patients was 35.2 years and 30 patients (17.2%) died. Among the cases, 137 were attempted homicide (78.7%), 23 were accidents and the remaining 14 were suicides. The suicidal cases had significantly higher mortality rate than other causes (P=0.003). The most frequently used weapon was pistols (73.6%) and the events took place between 18.00 and 24.00 (36.2%) hours mainly. The injuries were mostly on extremities, however many of deaths were seen after head- neck injuries and the mortality rate of head and neck injuries was significantly higher than other regions (P<0.001). The mean of hospitalization duration was 9.1 days and it was 10.2 ± 11.7 days for survivors, 4 ± 7.3 days for died subjects. The hospitalization duration of died patients was significantly shorter than survivors (P=0.042). The GCS of died patients (4.4 ± 1.7) was significantly lower than those of survivors (13.3 ± 2.8) (P<0.001). The ISS score of died patients (49.7 ± 24.1) was significantly higher than those of survivors (13.6 ± 10.6) (P<0.001).
Conclusion:
It was determined that GCS, ISS, length of hospitalization, injuries due to suicide attempt, the department of hospitalization, injuries to head-neck regions affected mortality significantly.
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