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Related Experiment Videos

Facial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea.

A A Lowe, J D Santamaria, J A Fleetham

    American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
    |December 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Obstructive sleep apnea is linked to specific craniofacial structures, including a backward-positioned jaw and a long tongue. These anatomical traits may narrow the upper airway, contributing to sleep apnea severity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Sleep Medicine
    • Orthodontics

    Background:

    • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder.
    • Craniofacial morphology plays a role in upper airway patency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between craniofacial variables, tongue size, and airway dimensions in patients with OSA.
    • To identify specific craniofacial patterns associated with OSA.

    Main Methods:

    • Canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used.
    • 25 adult males with moderate to severe OSA were studied.
    • Lateral cephalometric radiographs and polysomnography data were collected.

    Main Results:

    • A strong correlation (r1 = 0.994) was found between craniofacial and airway variables.

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  • OSA patients exhibited a posteriorly positioned maxilla and mandible, steep planes, overerupted teeth, proclined incisors, large gonial angle, increased facial heights, and anterior open bite.
  • A long tongue and posterior pharyngeal wall were associated with these craniofacial features.

    • Conclusions:

    • Specific craniofacial alterations in OSA patients may reduce upper airway dimensions.
    • These craniofacial changes can compromise upper airway stability, contributing to obstructive sleep apnea.