Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Standard Deviation01:10

Standard Deviation

27.6K
The most commonly used measure of variation is the standard deviation. It is a numerical value measuring how far data values are from their mean. The standard deviation value is small when the data are concentrated close to the mean, exhibiting slight variation or spread. The standard deviation value is never negative, it is either positive or zero. The standard deviation is larger when the data values are more spread out from the mean, which means the data values are exhibiting more variation.
27.6K
Mean Absolute Deviation01:13

Mean Absolute Deviation

3.3K
The mean absolute deviation is also a measure of the variability of data in a sample. It is the absolute value of the average difference between the data values and the mean.
Let us consider a dataset containing the number of unsold cupcakes in five shops: 10, 15, 8, 7, and 10. Initially, calculate the sample mean. Then calculate the deviation, or the difference, between each data value and the mean. Next, the absolute values of these deviations are added and divided by the sample size to...
3.3K
Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

27.0K
In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
27.0K
Standard Deviation of Calculated Results01:14

Standard Deviation of Calculated Results

8.4K
Standard deviation measures the spread of data around the mean value. Many large data sets follow a Gaussian distribution, also known as a normal distribution. This distribution is bell-shaped curved, with the most frequently observed value (mean or central value) in the middle. The farther away from the central value, the greater the deviation from the central value, and the lower the frequency.
A broad Gaussian distribution curve has a wider standard deviation, representing a data set with...
8.4K
Calculating Standard Deviation01:08

Calculating Standard Deviation

12.6K
The standard deviation is the most common measure of variation. It is a value that tells us how far a data value is from the mean value in a dataset. Further, the standard deviation is always a positive value or zero.
The standard deviation value is small when all the data is concentrated close to the mean. Here the data exhibits low variation. The standard deviation value is larger when the data values are more spread out from the mean. Here, the data displays high...
12.6K
Estimating Population Mean with Known Standard Deviation01:16

Estimating Population Mean with Known Standard Deviation

9.6K
To construct a confidence interval for a single unknown population mean μ, where the population standard deviation is known, we need sample mean as an estimate for μ and we need the margin of error. Here, the margin of error (EBM) is called the error bound for a population mean (abbreviated EBM). The sample mean is the point estimate of the unknown population mean μ.
The confidence interval estimate will have the form as follows:
(point estimate - error bound, point estimate +...
9.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Autoantibodies to IL-1Ra and PGRN in severe COVID-19 are associated with inflammation-induced hyperphosphorylated antigen isoforms.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Plasmacytic markers as immunotherapeutic targets for primary CD20-negative aggressive B-cell lymphomas.

British journal of haematology·2026
Same author

Heterogeneity of PD-L1 Expression Between the Primary Tumor and Matched Lymph Node Metastases in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Potential Therapeutic Targets PRAME, FOLR1, and CLDN18.2 in Salivary Gland Carcinomas.

Cancer medicine·2026
Same author

Positive net antiviral benefit of bexarotene against patient-derived archetype and rearranged BK polyomavirus isolates.

Antiviral research·2026
Same author

Azelastine Nasal Spray for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA internal medicine·2025
Same journal

Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles.

Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2020
Same journal

Cross-neutralizing antibody titres against non-vaccine types induced by a recombinant trivalent HPV vaccine (16/18/58) in rhesus macaques.

Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2020
Same journal

Strong reduction in prevalence of HPV16/18 and closely related HPV types in sexually active adolescent women following the introduction of HPV vaccination in Argentina.

Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2020
Same journal

No association between HPV-status in tonsillar tissue and sexual behavior of the patients in a northern German population - Critical view of the link between HPV natural history and HPV-driven carcinogenesis.

Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2020
Same journal

CINtec PLUS and cobas HPV testing for triaging Canadian women referred to colposcopy with a history of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: Baseline findings.

Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2020
Same journal

Post-hoc analysis of injection-site reactions following vaccination with quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in Japanese female clinical trial participants.

Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2020
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
10:05

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia

Published on: January 27, 2018

10.2K

Immune deviation and cervical carcinogenesis.

Sigrun Smola1

  • 1Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Building 47, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.

Papillomavirus Research (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|April 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-risk human papillomavirus infection drives cervical cancer through immune evasion and microenvironment changes. Understanding these processes is key for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
Cervical cancerHuman papillomavirusImmune deviationImmunotherapyInterleukin-6 signalingStromal inflammation

More Related Videos

Renal Capsule Xenografting and Subcutaneous Pellet Implantation for the Evaluation of Prostate Carcinogenesis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
08:38

Renal Capsule Xenografting and Subcutaneous Pellet Implantation for the Evaluation of Prostate Carcinogenesis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Published on: August 28, 2013

26.1K
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
06:11

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

Published on: October 5, 2009

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
10:05

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia

Published on: January 27, 2018

10.2K
Renal Capsule Xenografting and Subcutaneous Pellet Implantation for the Evaluation of Prostate Carcinogenesis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
08:38

Renal Capsule Xenografting and Subcutaneous Pellet Implantation for the Evaluation of Prostate Carcinogenesis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Published on: August 28, 2013

26.1K
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
06:11

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

Published on: October 5, 2009

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cervical carcinogenesis involves a complex interplay between high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the tumor microenvironment, and host immune responses.
  • HPV persistence relies on evading or overcoming immune surveillance mechanisms.
  • Progression from precancer to cancer is characterized by chronic stromal inflammation and immune deviation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying stage-specific immune and microenvironmental changes during cervical carcinogenesis.
  • To identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for HPV-associated cervical disease.

Main Methods:

  • This study synthesizes emerging evidence on the molecular and immunological factors.
  • Focuses on the transition from precancerous lesions to invasive cervical cancer.

Main Results:

  • High-risk HPV infection is critical for cervical cancer development.
  • Immune evasion is essential for viral persistence.
  • Chronic inflammation and immune deviation in the stroma influence disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the molecular basis of HPV-driven cervical carcinogenesis and immune system interactions is crucial.
  • This knowledge can lead to improved diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic strategies for combating HPV-associated diseases.