Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

7.9K
The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures...
7.9K
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

4.2K
Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
4.2K
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

3.8K
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
3.8K
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

859
Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
859
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

573
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
573
Characteristics of Life01:23

Characteristics of Life

257.7K
Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, development, interactions, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. The field's scope is extensive and divided into several specialized disciplines, such as anatomy, physiology, ethology, genetics, and many more. All living things share a few key traits, including cellular organization, heritable genetic material and the ability to adapt/evolve, metabolism to regulate energy needs, the...
257.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multivariate associations between sleep patterns and self-regulation in adolescence: Canonical correlation analysis across ABCD and NCANDA cohorts.

Chronobiology international·2026
Same author

Distal skin temperature stabilization is tightly coupled with sleep onset across structured and free-living conditions.

Sleep medicine·2026
Same author

Predictors of Follow-Up Engagement in an Adolescent Alcohol Longitudinal Cohort.

Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs·2026
Same author

Chronotherapeutic Approaches to Target Insufficient and Late Sleep in Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA pediatrics·2026
Same author

Performance of a Semi-Automated Hierarchical Rest Interval Detection Pipeline (actiSleep) for Wrist Actigraphy in Adolescents.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Sleep Health Dimensions From Wearables and Transdiagnostic Mental Health in Young Adolescents.

JAMA pediatrics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

The Sleep Nullifying Apparatus: A Highly Efficient Method of Sleep Depriving Drosophila
06:06

The Sleep Nullifying Apparatus: A Highly Efficient Method of Sleep Depriving Drosophila

Published on: December 14, 2020

4.2K

Sleep spindle characteristics in adolescents.

Aimée Goldstone1, Adrian R Willoughby1, Massimiliano de Zambotti1

  • 1Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|April 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sleep spindle characteristics change with age during adolescence, impacting brain development and potentially episodic memory in younger teens. These changes may reflect brain maturation.

Keywords:
AdolescenceCognitionDevelopmentEEGMemorySigma

More Related Videos

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila
12:16

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Published on: December 4, 2012

15.9K
Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice
08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

25.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

The Sleep Nullifying Apparatus: A Highly Efficient Method of Sleep Depriving Drosophila
06:06

The Sleep Nullifying Apparatus: A Highly Efficient Method of Sleep Depriving Drosophila

Published on: December 14, 2020

4.2K
Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila
12:16

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Published on: December 4, 2012

15.9K
Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice
08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

25.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Adolescence is a critical period of brain development with significant sleep changes.
  • Understanding age-related electroencephalographic (EEG) waveform differences during adolescence is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in sleep spindle characteristics (sigma power, spindle density, duration, amplitude, frequency) in adolescents.
  • To explore the association between sleep spindle characteristics and cognitive function, specifically episodic memory.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed electroencephalographic (EEG) data from a large cross-sectional sample of adolescents (N=134, aged 12-21 years).
  • Calculated sigma power and detailed spindle characteristics for fast (∼13 Hz) central and slow (∼11 Hz) frontal sleep spindles.
  • Assessed cognitive data, including episodic memory performance.

Main Results:

  • Older adolescents exhibited lower absolute sigma power and higher fast spindle density compared to younger adolescents.
  • Sleep spindles in older adolescents were shorter in duration, smaller in amplitude, and occurred at a faster average frequency.
  • No direct association was found between spindle characteristics and cognition, but an indirect relationship suggested better episodic memory in younger adolescents with greater spindle density.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep spindle characteristics significantly differ with age during adolescence, potentially indicating changes in thalamo-cortical connectivity and brain maturation.
  • Spindle characteristics may serve as a marker of adolescent brain development.
  • Further investigation of specific spindle characteristics beyond sigma power is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of adolescent sleep.