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Colloidal motion under the action of a thermophoretic force.

The Journal of chemical physics·2017
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Particle motion driven by non-uniform thermodynamic forces.

Jérôme Burelbach1

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|April 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new model for particle motion in complex fluids, explaining transport phenomena even with non-uniform forces at the colloidal scale. It reveals conditions for force-free motion and derives a hydrodynamic phoretic force. Keywords: particle motion, complex fluids, colloidal scale, phoretic force.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal Science
  • Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Conventional Onsager formulation describes non-equilibrium transport but is limited to uniform thermodynamic forces.
  • Particle motion in multi-component fluids with colloidal-scale non-uniformities requires an extended theoretical framework.
  • Understanding interfacial properties and equations of state is crucial for predicting colloidal behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a complete reciprocal description of particle motion in multi-component fluids.
  • To extend Onsager's formulation to systems with non-uniform thermodynamic forces at the colloidal scale.
  • To derive a hydrodynamic form for phoretic forces arising from non-uniform colloidal-scale gradients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized dynamic length and time scale separation in colloidal suspensions.
  • Related particle flux to the coupling between the Stokes flow tensor and thermodynamic force density.
  • Expressed flux in terms of computable thermodynamic quantities from interfacial properties and equations of state.

Main Results:

  • Established a relationship between particle flux and volume-averaged coupling of flow tensor and thermodynamic force density.
  • Demonstrated that force-free phoretic motion is possible without interfacial interactions if thermodynamic gradients are non-uniform at the colloidal surface.
  • Derived an explicit hydrodynamic form for phoretic force, validated by reproducing Henry function for electrophoresis and Ruckenstein term for thermophoresis.

Conclusions:

  • The presented reciprocal description accurately models diffusion and sedimentation in multi-component fluids.
  • Non-uniform thermodynamic forces at the colloidal scale are key drivers for phoretic motion, even without direct interfacial interactions.
  • The derived hydrodynamic phoretic force provides a validated framework for understanding electrophoresis and thermophoresis.