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The rash with maculopapules and fever in adults

Sonal Muzumdar1, Marti Jill Rothe1, Jane M Grant-Kels1

  • 1Dermatology Department, University of CT Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.

Clinics in Dermatology
|April 15, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Fever and maculopapular rash in adults have diverse causes, ranging from mild to life-threatening. Prompt diagnosis is crucial for effective management of these conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Fever and maculopapular rash present a wide differential diagnosis in adults.
  • Some causes are benign, while others represent medical emergencies requiring immediate attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review conditions causing fever and maculopapular rash in adults.
  • To provide a diagnostic algorithm for these presentations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of infectious diseases, tick-borne illnesses, and hypersensitivity reactions.
  • Development of a diagnostic algorithm.

Main Results:

  • Identified infectious causes: meningococcemia, mononucleosis, West Nile virus, Zika virus, rubella, primary HIV, parvovirus B19, ebolavirus.
  • Included tick-borne illnesses: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis.
  • Highlighted hypersensitivity reactions: exanthematous drug reactions.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic approach is necessary for diagnosing fever and maculopapular rash in adults.
  • The diagnostic algorithm aids in differentiating between benign and emergent conditions.

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