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The rash with maculopapules and fever in children

Sonal Muzumdar1, Marti Jill Rothe1, Jane M Grant-Kels1

  • 1Dermatology Department, University of CT Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.

Clinics in Dermatology
|April 15, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Fever and maculopapular rash in children can signal serious conditions requiring quick diagnosis. This review covers common causes like infections and drug reactions, offering a diagnostic guide.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Fever and maculopapular rash are common pediatric symptoms.
  • Presentations range from benign to emergent, necessitating accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common causes of fever and maculopapular rash in children.
  • To provide a diagnostic algorithm for rapid etiological identification.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric conditions presenting with fever and rash.
  • Inclusion of infectious diseases, hypersensitivity reactions, and vasculitis syndromes.
  • Development of a diagnostic algorithm for clinical use.

Main Results:

  • Identified common causes including roseola, rubeola, rubella, parvovirus B19, hand, foot, and mouth disease, scarlet fever, meningococcemia, Epstein-Barr virus, drug reactions, and Kawasaki disease.
  • Highlighted the importance of differentiating benign from emergent conditions.
  • Presented a diagnostic algorithm to aid clinicians.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis of fever and maculopapular rash in children is crucial.
  • A systematic approach, aided by the diagnostic algorithm, can identify various etiologies.
  • Distinguishing between common pediatric rashes and those seen predominantly in adults is important.

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