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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Meningococcal B Vaccine to Prevent <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Infection.

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Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme Annual Report, 2017

Monica M Lahra1,2, Rodney Enriquez1, C R Robert George1

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Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is increasing, particularly azithromycin resistance, posing a threat to gonorrhea treatment. The Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) monitors these trends to inform public health strategies.

Keywords:
antimicrobial resistancedisease surveillancegonococcal infectionNeisseria gonorrhoeae

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection.
  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in N. gonorrhoeae is a growing global health concern.
  • The Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) has monitored AMR in N. gonorrhoeae since 1981.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates in Australia for 2017.
  • To monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance, including decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone and resistance to azithromycin, penicillin, and ciprofloxacin.
  • To inform current and future treatment guidelines for gonorrhoea in Australia.

Main Methods:

  • Standardised antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 7,835 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae.
  • Data collected from public and private sector sources across all Australian states and territories.
  • Analysis of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values for key antibiotics including ceftriaxone, azithromycin, penicillin, and ciprofloxacin.

Main Results:

  • Decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone was observed in 1.06% of isolates nationally.
  • Nationally, 9.3% of isolates were resistant to azithromycin, a significant increase from previous years.
  • High proportions of resistance to penicillin (up to 44.1%) and ciprofloxacin (up to 61%) were reported in non-remote areas.

Conclusions:

  • The rising azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a significant public health concern.
  • Continued surveillance and molecular testing are crucial for monitoring AMR and guiding effective gonorrhoea treatment strategies.
  • Treatment recommendations may need to be revised to address emerging resistance patterns.