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Neuroprotective effects of the second generation antipsychotics
Alexander T Chen1, Henry A Nasrallah2
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2010 Zonal Ave 1P10, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Schizophrenia Research
|April 16, 2019
Summary
Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) show neuroprotective effects, unlike first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) which can be neurotoxic. SGAs offer benefits beyond symptom relief, potentially aiding in psychosis-related neurodegeneration.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- First-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) are associated with neurotoxicity.
- Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have demonstrated multiple neuroprotective effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the neuroprotective mechanisms of SGAs compared to FGAs.
- To investigate the potential of SGAs in ameliorating neurodegenerative effects of psychosis.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a comprehensive PubMed search using keywords related to antipsychotics, neuroprotection, and neurotoxicity.
- Included animal, cell culture, and human clinical studies with clearly described methodologies.
- Analyzed 24 reports that met search criteria, including studies with SGAs and FGAs as comparators.
Main Results:
- All included studies demonstrated at least one neuroprotective mechanism for one or more SGAs.
- FGAs showed a range from no neuroprotective effects to actual neurotoxic effects leading to neuronal death.
- SGAs exhibited neuroprotective effects through various molecular mechanisms, often dose-dependently.
Conclusions:
- SGAs offer measurable neuroprotective effects beyond antipsychotic efficacy and low motoric side effects.
- These neuroprotective effects, ranging from preventative to restorative, may help mitigate neurodegeneration in psychosis.
- The findings highlight the potential therapeutic role of SGAs in managing the neurobiological aspects of psychotic disorders.
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