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Epigenetics in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
1Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
Cell Metabolism
|April 16, 2019
Summary
Epigenetic changes in tissues like fat and muscle are linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes. These modifications are reversible, offering potential new treatments for metabolic diseases.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Metabolic Diseases
Background:
- Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, regulate gene expression crucial for organism development.
- Disruptions in epigenetic balance are implicated in various pathologies, notably obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and summarize epigenetic signatures in key human metabolic tissues related to obesity and T2D.
- To explore the role of epigenetics in both the development and response to these metabolic diseases.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive review of existing literature on epigenetic signatures in human adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islets, liver, and blood.
- Analysis of studies investigating the relationship between epigenetic alterations and obesity/T2D.
Main Results:
- Epigenetic signatures in metabolic tissues provide evidence for epigenetics' role in disease development.
- Epigenetic alterations are observed not only as causes but also as responses to obesity and T2D.
- Genetic predisposition, aging, and environmental factors (diet, exercise) influence epigenetic variability.
Conclusions:
- Epigenetic modifications play a significant role in the pathogenesis of obesity and T2D.
- The dynamic and reversible nature of epigenetic marks presents opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions.
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