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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

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Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Harvesting of Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft
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Two new clinical tests for palmaris longus.

Ravindra Mohan Shenoy1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India
|April 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Two new clinical tests, the Bunched Finger and Hooked Finger tests, offer a simple and prominent way to visualize the palmaris longus tendon, addressing limitations of existing assessment methods.

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Orthopedics
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • The palmaris longus (PL) tendon is a superficial forearm muscle important for wrist flexion.
  • Clinical assessment of the palmaris longus tendon currently relies on various tests with variable reliability.
  • Accurate visualization of the palmaris longus tendon is crucial for diagnosis and surgical planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and describe two novel clinical tests for assessing the palmaris longus tendon.
  • To provide simple and easily reproducible methods for prominent visualization of the palmaris longus tendon.
  • To offer improved diagnostic tools for palmaris longus tendon evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Development and description of two new clinical tests: the 'Bunched Finger' test and the 'Hooked Finger' test.
Keywords:
Clinicalpalmaris longustendonstests

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  • Focus on simplicity and ease of execution for these diagnostic maneuvers.
  • Emphasis on achieving clear and prominent visualization of the palmaris longus tendon.
  • Main Results:

    • The 'Bunched Finger' test allows for easy and prominent visualization of the palmaris longus tendon.
    • The 'Hooked Finger' test also provides simple and clear visualization of the palmaris longus tendon.
    • Both new tests demonstrate potential for improved clinical assessment of the palmaris longus tendon.

    Conclusions:

    • The 'Bunched Finger' and 'Hooked Finger' tests are effective, simple methods for visualizing the palmaris longus tendon.
    • These novel tests may overcome the reliability issues associated with existing palmaris longus tendon assessment techniques.
    • The described tests offer valuable additions to the clinical diagnostic armamentarium for palmaris longus tendon evaluation.