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Related Concept Videos

Reproductive Cloning01:27

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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis
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Evaluation of genome scaffolding tools using pooled clone sequencing.

Elif Dal1, Can Alkan1

  • 1Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilkent University , Ankara , Turkey.

Turkish Journal of Biology = Turk Biyoloji Dergisi
|April 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pooled clone sequencing (PCS) offers improved genome assembly accuracy over whole genome shotgun sequencing (WGS). Developing PCS-aware scaffolding algorithms is crucial for advancing genome research and understanding health and evolution.

Keywords:
Genome assembly and scaffoldinghigh-throughput sequencingpooled clone sequencingsystems biology

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • DNA sequencing generates vast genomic data for health and evolution studies.
  • Genome assembly from raw sequence data is complex and error-prone.
  • Assessing the quality of assembled genomes remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of genome scaffolding algorithms.
  • To compare assembly quality using whole genome shotgun sequencing (WGS) and pooled clone sequencing (PCS) data.
  • To identify limitations in current scaffolding approaches for different data types.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two distinct human genome datasets: WGS and PCS.
  • Applied several established genome scaffolding algorithms.
  • Assessed and compared the accuracy of resulting genome assemblies.

Main Results:

  • Pooled clone sequencing (PCS) data yielded higher quality genome assemblies compared to WGS data alone.
  • Existing scaffolding algorithms are primarily designed for WGS data.
  • Significant improvements in assembly accuracy are achievable with PCS data.

Conclusions:

  • PCS data present a viable alternative for generating more accurate genome assemblies.
  • There is a need for novel scaffolding algorithms tailored to PCS data.
  • Advancing genome assembly quality is critical for future genomic research.