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Live firefighting simulations significantly elevate firefighters' heart rate, body temperature, and stress biomarkers like cortisol and IL-6. These findings highlight potential cardiovascular risks and the need for further research into firefighter health.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Firefighting is an extreme occupation associated with high risks of cardiovascular disease and sudden cardiac death.
  • Strenuous physical exertion and psychological stress during fire suppression contribute to these occupational hazards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate vital signs (hemodynamic status) and cardiac disease-related biomarkers during live firefighting simulations.
  • To assess the immediate and short-term physiological impact of live-fire firefighting on firefighters.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot case-controlled study involving seven firefighting instructors performing a 40-minute live-fire simulation.
  • A control group performed similar exercises wearing personal protective equipment.
  • Cardiovascular evaluations, including vital signs and biomarkers, were conducted pre-simulation, post-simulation, and up to 24 hours later.

Main Results:

  • The simulation group exhibited significantly higher pulse pressure, heart rate (110 bpm vs. 77 bpm), and body temperature (37.6°C vs. 36.0°C) compared to the control group.
  • Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6), coagulation protein (fibrinogen), and stress hormones (cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone) were observed immediately post-simulation.
  • IL-6 and fibrinogen remained elevated up to 24 hours after the live-fire simulation.

Conclusions:

  • Live-fire firefighting simulations induce significant alterations in hemodynamic status and increase stress-related biomarkers.
  • These identified markers show potential for decreasing cardiovascular risk in firefighters.
  • Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings and develop preventative strategies.