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Bioactive Neuroelectronic Interfaces.

Dayo O Adewole1,2,3, Mijail D Serruya4, John A Wolf1,3

  • 1Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|April 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are developing advanced neural interfaces using biomaterials and living cells to enhance brain-computer interactions. These "living electrodes" aim for better integration and longer function in neural engineering applications.

Keywords:
biomaterialsneural engineeringneuroprostheticsneurotechnology and brain-machine interfacetissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Neural Engineering
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Current neuroelectronic interfaces face limitations in stability and functional lifetime.
  • Biologically-inspired materials and strategies are crucial for improving chronic device-tissue integration.
  • The foreign body response remains a significant challenge for implantable neural devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of bioactive neural interface strategies and their evolution.
  • To introduce and discuss the concept and development of "living electrodes" as a novel biohybrid approach.
  • To detail the design, fabrication, and performance of these engineered micro-tissues for neural modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing existing literature on bioactive neural interfaces, including material properties and biological coatings.
  • Developing and characterizing preformed implantable micro-tissues with axonal tracts within biomaterial micro-columns.
  • Engineering living electrodes with tailored material, mechanical, and biological properties for synaptic modulation.

Main Results:

  • Bioactive materials, molecules, and cells enhance neuronal survival and reduce immune response.
  • Living electrodes demonstrate potential for natural, synaptic-based modulation of host neural circuitry.
  • Characterization of in vitro and in vivo functionality of these novel biohybrid interfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Biohybrid approaches, particularly living electrodes, represent a promising advancement in neural interface technology.
  • Tailored engineering of micro-tissues can lead to improved chronic device-tissue integration and function.
  • Further research into living electrodes could revolutionize brain-computer interfaces and neural prosthetics.