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Predicting Accuracy in Eyewitness Testimonies With Memory Retrieval Effort and Confidence.

Philip U Gustafsson1, Torun Lindholm1, Fredrik U Jönsson1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

Frontiers in Psychology
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Summary

Eyewitness memory accuracy can be predicted by retrieval effort cues and response delays. Incorrect memories require more effort and time to recall than correct ones, impacting witness confidence.

Keywords:
confidence-accuracy relationeyewitness accuracyeyewitness testimonyresponse latencyretrieval effort cues

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Evaluating eyewitness testimony is challenging.
  • Recent studies link memory accuracy to retrieval effort.
  • Confidence may reflect retrieval effort, not necessarily accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate and extend findings on retrieval effort and memory accuracy.
  • To investigate retrieval latency as a predictor of eyewitness memory accuracy.
  • To explore the relationship between effort cues, confidence, and accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Participants watched a staged crime film.
  • Witnesses were interviewed about the film's content.
  • Retrieval effort cues and response latency were analyzed in testimonies.

Main Results:

  • Incorrect memories exhibited more effort cues than correct memories.
  • Response delays were stronger predictors of accuracy than response latency.
  • Confidence was higher for correct memories; effort cues partially mediated this.

Conclusions:

  • Objective cues to retrieval effort, like response delays, can predict eyewitness memory accuracy.
  • Findings support the link between retrieval effort and the reliability of eyewitness accounts.
  • Memory retrieval effort provides verifiable indicators of accuracy in eyewitness testimonies.