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Genes Associated With Psychrotolerant Bacillus cereus Group Isolates
Sarah M Beno1, Renato H Orsi1, Rachel A Cheng1
1Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Frontiers in Microbiology
|April 16, 2019
Summary
Psychrotolerant Bacillus cereus group strains, important in dairy spoilage, show varied genetic markers and medium-dependent tolerance. Key genes, including cold shock proteins, were identified for potential control.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Food Science
- Genomics
Background:
- The Bacillus cereus group includes psychrotolerant species causing significant fluid milk spoilage.
- Understanding genetic markers for psychrotolerance is crucial for managing dairy-associated strains.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify genetic markers associated with psychrotolerance in dairy-associated Bacillus cereus group isolates.
- To characterize phenotypic differences in psychrotolerance based on growth medium.
Main Methods:
- Whole genome sequencing and phenotypic growth assays (Skim Milk Broth, Brain Heart Infusion broth) were used.
- 23 genetically distinct isolates from a collection of 503 dairy-associated strains were characterized.
- Phylogenetic analysis, gene ortholog presence/absence, gene ontology, and Hidden Markov Model searches were performed.
Main Results:
- Psychrotolerance varied significantly depending on the growth medium (BHI vs. SMB).
- Psychrotolerant isolates were classified into clade VI (B. mycoides/weihenstephanensis).
- 206 orthologous gene clusters, including cold shock proteins and fatty acid hydroxylases, were associated with psychrotolerance.
Conclusions:
- Psychrotolerance in Bacillus cereus group dairy isolates is genetically influenced and medium-dependent.
- Identified genes, such as cold shock domain proteins, offer targets for specific detection or control of psychrotolerant strains.
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