Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

33.5K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
33.5K
GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

9.8K
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...
9.8K
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

8.8K
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
8.8K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.7K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.7K
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

38.3K
Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
38.3K
Positive Regulator Molecules01:45

Positive Regulator Molecules

134.9K
To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.
134.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PTPN22-CD45 dual phosphatase retrograde feedback enhances TCR signaling and autoimmunity.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Loss of Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 21 and UVB-Induced Systemic Inflammation by Regulating DNA-Sensing Pathways.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2025
Same author

Mx1-ing it up-Mitochondrial relay for interferon-dependent, unconventional IL-1β release in SLE monocytes.

Immunity·2024
Same author

Sexually dimorphic DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in human first trimester placenta.

Biology of sex differences·2024
Same author

High-throughput mRNA sequencing of human placenta shows sex differences across gestation.

Placenta·2024
Same author

High-throughput mRNA-seq atlas of human placenta shows vast transcriptome remodeling from first to third trimester†.

Biology of reproduction·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
08:04

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Published on: July 9, 2014

16.3K

Regulating IRFs in IFN Driven Disease.

Caroline A Jefferies1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are key immune system regulators. Their control via ubiquitination and microRNAs is crucial for preventing autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
E3 ligaseinterferonmicroRNAmonocyteubiquitin

More Related Videos

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
09:58

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Published on: May 22, 2016

12.2K
Chemogenetic Regulation in Reprogrammed Stem Cell-derived Precursor Cells in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases
09:44

Chemogenetic Regulation in Reprogrammed Stem Cell-derived Precursor Cells in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: May 2, 2025

643

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
08:04

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Published on: July 9, 2014

16.3K
Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
09:58

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Published on: May 22, 2016

12.2K
Chemogenetic Regulation in Reprogrammed Stem Cell-derived Precursor Cells in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases
09:44

Chemogenetic Regulation in Reprogrammed Stem Cell-derived Precursor Cells in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: May 2, 2025

643

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are transcription factors vital for immune responses, including pathogen defense and immune cell development.
  • Specific IRFs (IRF3, IRF5, IRF7) are essential for type I interferon production upon detecting viral nucleic acids.
  • Other IRFs (IRF4, IRF8, IRF5) influence myeloid cell development and inflammatory responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of IRF family members in regulating type I interferon production and responses.
  • To examine the involvement of IRFs in myeloid cell development and differentiation.
  • To emphasize how ubiquitination and microRNA-mediated regulation of IRFs impacts autoimmune disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and their functions.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms, including ubiquitination and microRNA regulation.
  • Focus on the connection between IRF dysregulation and autoimmune conditions.

Main Results:

  • IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7 are critical for type I interferon induction following viral detection.
  • IRF9 modulates interferon-stimulated gene expression.
  • IRF4, IRF8, and IRF5 are key regulators of myeloid cell differentiation and inflammatory processes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding IRF regulation is crucial for comprehending immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases.
  • Post-translational modifications like ubiquitination and microRNA activity significantly influence IRF function.
  • Dysregulation of IRF pathways presents a potential link to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders.