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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
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Cost-Effectiveness Studies in the ICU: A Systematic Review.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Cost-effectiveness analyses in critical care are scarce, with a recent rise in hypothetical modeling. Few studies evaluate treatments despite high healthcare costs.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) are vital for healthcare resource allocation but adoption in critical care is slow.
  • Critical care settings represent a significant financial burden on healthcare systems.
  • There is a need to understand the economic value of treatments used in intensive care units (ICUs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify and summarize original cost-effectiveness studies for treatments used in ICUs.
  • To analyze the reported cost per quality-adjusted life year, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, and cost per life-year ratios.
  • To assess the trends and quality of cost-effectiveness research in critical care over time.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of English-language studies from 1993 to 2018.
  • Inclusion of studies presenting cost-effectiveness ratios for critical care interventions.
  • Quality assessment of identified studies using the Drummond checklist.

Main Results:

  • Ninety-seven studies with 156 cost-effectiveness ratios were identified.
  • Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios varied widely, from -$119,635 to $876,539.
  • While many studies showed favorable cost-effectiveness, some therapies later proved harmful. A trend towards hypothetical modeling without clinical data emerged (58% from 2014-2018).

Conclusions:

  • A paucity of cost-effectiveness studies exists in critical care literature despite its high cost.
  • The quality and methodology of CEAs in critical care warrant further investigation.
  • More robust economic evaluations are needed to guide resource allocation in ICUs.