Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026
Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mice
Published on: October 21, 2018
Iontophoretic delivery of transdermal patches containi
Tao Yu1, Shengjie Zhang1, Xu Cao2
1Department of Operating Room Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing Municipality, 100730, PR China.
Insights
This study explored Ropivacaine transdermal patches with and without Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) for sustained anesthesia in children. RED system enhanced anesthetic effects and drug release, improving pain management.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Pediatric anesthesia requires effective and sustained drug delivery.
- Transdermal drug delivery offers a non-invasive alternative for maintaining anesthesia.
- Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) systems show potential for enhancing transdermal drug transport.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of Ropivacaine transdermal patches with and without a RED system for sustained anesthesia in children.
- To evaluate the in-vitro drug release rate of Ropivacaine from transdermal patches, with and without RED.
- To compare the anesthetic effects, including thermal threshold and pain perception, in children using Ropivacaine patches with and without RED.
Main Methods:
- Ropivacaine transdermal patches (25 mg) were formulated using the evaporation technique and characterized for physical properties.
- In-vitro drug release studies were conducted in Phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) over 24 hours, with and without the RED system.
- A clinical trial was performed on children, divided into two groups (with and without RED system), to assess anesthetic effects after forearm patch application.
Main Results:
- Ropivacaine patches exhibited favorable physical characteristics, including high drug content (95.79–97.45%) and good folding endurance.
- In-vitro studies showed enhanced Ropivacaine release with the RED system (89.23% in 24 hr) compared to without (81.23% in 24 hr).
- Clinical application demonstrated that the RED system significantly improved anesthetic effects, including thermal threshold and reduced pain sensation.
Conclusions:
- Ropivacaine transdermal patches, particularly when combined with a RED system, offer a promising approach for sustained anesthesia in pediatric patients.
- The RED system effectively enhances both in-vitro drug release and in-vivo anesthetic efficacy.
- This innovative combination holds potential for improved pain management and anesthesia maintenance in children.
Abstract:
The present clinical trial investigates the sustaining anesthetic effect of Ropivacaine when administered as epidural injection followed by transdermal patch with and without Reverse electrodialysis (RED) system in order to maintain anesthesia in children. It also focuses on rate of release of drug in-vitro when administered with RED system. The transdermal patch of Ropivacaine was prepared using evaporation technique enclosing 25 mg of Local anesthetic Ropivacaine. Thus prepared patches were evaluated for physical parameters like folding endurance, tensile strength, in vitro drug release etc. The thicknesses of the patches were in the range of 0.02 ±0.006 to 0.04 ± 0.007 mm with 95.79 ±1.85 to 97.45±0.07 % drug content. The average weight and tensile strength was found to be 0.15±0.2 to 0.17±0.18 gm and 0.42±0.006 to 0.58±0.002 kg/cm2. The folding endurance of the patches was in range of 155.21 ±0.2 to 167± 0.29 and content of moisture was 1.43±0.23 % to 2.97±0.23 %. The formulation shows In - vitro release in Phosphate buffer pH 7.4 as 55.56 % to 89.23 ± 0.24 % in 24 hr with reverse electrodialysis system attached and 43.76 % to 81.23 ± 0.14 % in 24 hr without reverse electrodialysis system. The children of different age groups, different body weight with no premedication of anesthetic of analgesic were selected as subjects with written informed consent and divided into two groups depending upon RED system to be attached or not. The patches with and without RED system were attached to forearm of subjects and trial is run. The results obtained showed that patch when attached with reverse electrodialysis system showed greater potential for thermal threshold, lowering of cool sensation and depth of pain. Keywords: Child Anesthesia, Iontophoresis, Reverse Electrodialysis ,Ropivacaine, Transdermal Patch.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:02Long-patch Base Excision Repair
01:18Patch Clamp
In this method, a glass micropipette containing electrolyte solution is tightly sealed against a small portion of the cell membrane. As a result, a patch of the cell...
01:16Drug Delivery: Overview
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
01:36Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
01:18Drug Delivery: Enteral Route