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Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys01:27

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Surveying is the art and science of mapping the earth's surface. It involves measuring distances, angles in horizontal or vertical directions, and levels to understand the shape and size of land features. Surveying techniques are essential for various tasks, such as identifying the levels of a land area with reference to a specific point, and mapping undulations and water bodies.There are two main types of surveying: plane surveys and geodetic surveys. Plane surveys assume the earth is flat,...
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Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Surveys are essential for marking property boundaries near water bodies. Different types of surveys are defined, each with its own function. Land surveys mark the property boundaries, while route surveys determine the position of properties on nearby highways. Topographic surveys create maps by capturing the three-dimensional features of the land. Hydrographic surveys focus on the shapes of underwater areas and the movement of streams through the properties. Mine surveys determine the relative...
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Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
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Errors and Mistakes in Surveying01:19

Errors and Mistakes in Surveying

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Errors and mistakes in surveying refer to inaccuracies in measurements and data recording. The errors are deviations from the actual value caused by human sensory limitations, equipment flaws, or environmental effects. These errors are typically unintentional and can result from the inherent imperfections in the instruments used, atmospheric conditions, or the observer’s inability to perceive exact measurements. On the other hand, mistakes are caused by the surveyor's lack of...
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Optimizing UAV-based radiation sensor systems for aerial surveys.

Chanki Lee1, Hee Reyoung Kim1

  • 1Department of Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, South Korea.

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
|April 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) radiation sensor systems for radiological surveys. A new figure of merit (FOM) optimizes system design, recommending a mixed-fleet of fixed-wing and rotary-wing UAVs for nuclear accident scenarios.

Keywords:
Figure of meritMinimum detectable activityOptimizationPower consumptionRadiation sensorUnmanned aerial vehicle

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer potential for radiation monitoring.
  • Optimizing UAV-based radiation sensor systems requires mission-specific analysis.
  • Previous studies lack a unified quantitative framework for system design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To qualitatively and quantitatively analyze UAV-based radiation sensor systems for diverse missions.
  • To propose a figure of merit (FOM) for evaluating system performance.
  • To determine optimal UAV configurations for radiological survey missions, including accident scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing UAVs, sensors, and missions.
  • Categorization of systems by mission type.
  • Development of a novel FOM formula incorporating sensor and UAV parameters.
  • Simulation of a nuclear power plant accident scenario.

Main Results:

  • A framework for selecting suitable UAVs and radiation sensors per mission.
  • A quantitative FOM formula to assess minimum detectable activity (MDA) performance without field tests.
  • Identification of a mixed-fleet (one fixed-wing, multiple rotary-wing UAVs) as optimal for accident response.
  • Accurate estimation of 3D radiation distribution from ground sources and plumes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed FOM effectively evaluates UAV radiation sensor system performance.
  • A mixed-fleet UAV strategy is optimal for rapid and accurate radiological assessments.
  • This research provides a foundation for designing effective UAV-based radiation monitoring systems.