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Lactoferrin in Aseptic and Septic Inflammation.

Maria Stefania Lepanto¹, Luigi Rosa², Rosalba Paesano³

¹Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy. mariastefania.lepanto@uniroma1.it.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 17, 2019

Summary

Lactoferrin (Lf) regulates both inflammation and iron balance. This glycoprotein reduces inflammation in various conditions and combats bacterial infections, offering therapeutic potential.

Keywords:

Chlamydia trachomatis infection alzheimer’s disease anemia of inflammation cystic fibrosis inflammation inflammatory bowel disease iron homeostasis lactoferrin preterm delivery type 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Immunology
Nutritional Science

Background:

Lactoferrin (Lf), a glycoprotein, binds iron and possesses antimicrobial properties.
Lf's anti-inflammatory effects, particularly down-regulating IL-6, are increasingly recognized.
Dysregulated IL-6 is linked to iron homeostasis disorders, positioning Lf as a key regulator.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the multifaceted roles of lactoferrin in both aseptic and septic inflammation.
To explore Lf's impact on iron homeostasis and its therapeutic implications.
To critically analyze factors influencing Lf's observed pro- or anti-inflammatory effects.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating lactoferrin's effects on inflammation.
Analysis of Lf's role in conditions such as anemia of inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, cystic fibrosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Critical evaluation of in vitro data concerning Lf's inflammatory activity.

Main Results:

Lactoferrin administration reduces local and systemic inflammation in aseptic conditions like anemia of inflammation, preterm delivery, Alzheimer's disease, and type 2 diabetes.
Oral Lf administration normalizes iron homeostasis by decreasing serum IL-6 levels.
In septic inflammation (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis, cystic fibrosis, IBD), Lf exhibits anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, inhibiting bacterial adhesion and colonization.

Conclusions:

Lactoferrin demonstrates significant therapeutic potential in managing both aseptic and septic inflammatory conditions.
Lf effectively modulates iron homeostasis, offering a dual benefit in inflammatory disorders.
In vitro results on Lf's inflammatory activity are context-dependent, influenced by cell models, metabolic status, stimuli, and Lf characteristics (iron saturation, integrity, purity).