Flowering and Morphogenesis of Kalanchoe in Response to Quality and Intensity of Night Interruption Light

The effects of the quality and intensity of night interruption light (NIL) on the flowering and morphogenesis of kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) 'Lipstick' and 'Spain' were investigated. Plants were raised in a closed-type plant factory under 250 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD white light emitting diodes (LEDs) with additional light treatments. These treatments were designated long day (LD, 16 h light, 8 h dark), short day (SD, 8 h light, 16 h dark), and SD with a 4 h night interruption (NI). The NIL was constructed from 10 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 or 20 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD blue (NI-B), red (NI-R), white (NI-W), or blue and white (NI-BW) LEDs. In 'Spain', the SPAD value, area and thickness of leaves and plant height increased in the NI treatment as compared to the SD treatment. In 'Lipstick', most morphogenetic characteristics in the NI treatment showed no significant difference to those in the SD treatment. For both cultivars, plants in SD were significantly shorter than those in other treatments. The flowering of Kalanchoe 'Lipstick' was not affected by the NIL quality, while Kalanchoe 'Spain' flowered when grown in SD and 10 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD NI-B. These results suggest that the NIL quality and intensity affect the morphogenesis and flowering of kalanchoe, and that different cultivars are affected differently. There is a need to further assess the effects of the NIL quality and intensity on the morphogenesis and flowering of short-day plants for practical NIL applications.