Magnesium: The Forgotten Electrolyte-A Review on Hypomagnesemia

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Physiology
• Clinical Medicine

Background:

• Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation and second most abundant intracellular cation.
• It plays a crucial role in cellular and enzymatic functions across organ systems.
• Despite its importance, magnesium often receives less attention than other electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium in medical literature and practice.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of magnesium physiology.
• To elucidate the clinical significance and manifestations of hypomagnesemia.
• To assist clinicians in the understanding, identification, and treatment of magnesium deficiency.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of magnesium physiology and hypomagnesemia.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on magnesium's role in the body.
• Analysis of clinical presentations and management strategies for hypomagnesemia.

Main Results:

• Hypomagnesemia can result in diverse and potentially life-threatening clinical manifestations.
• The incidence of hypomagnesemia may be underestimated in the general population.
• A thorough understanding of magnesium's role is essential for effective clinical management.

Conclusions:

• Magnesium is a critical electrolyte with widespread physiological importance.
• Hypomagnesemia is a significant clinical issue that warrants greater attention.
• This review offers valuable insights for clinicians managing magnesium-related disorders.