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International normative data for paediatric foot posture assessment: a cross-sectional investigation

Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron1,2, Alfonso Martinez-Nova3, Pilar Alfageme-Garcia3

  • 1Nursing and Podiatry, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain.

BMJ Open
|April 17, 2019
PubMed

Insights

The common foot posture in children is pronated, with a wide normal range observed. Increased body mass index (BMI) did not correlate with pronated foot posture in children.

Area of Science:

  • Paediatric orthopaedics
  • Biomechanical analysis
  • Anthropometry

Background:

  • The Foot Posture Index (FPI) is a standard observational tool for assessing foot position.
  • Understanding typical foot posture in children is crucial for identifying potential developmental issues.
  • International reference data for paediatric foot posture is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish international reference data for foot posture in children aged 3-15 years.
  • To investigate the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) on paediatric foot posture.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 3217 healthy children from Spain, the UK, and Australia.
  • Foot posture was assessed using the Foot Posture Index (FPI).
  • Height and weight were measured to calculate BMI.

Main Results:

  • A pronated foot posture (FPI ≥+6) was observed in 29.8% of children, while 55.2% had normal foot posture (FPI 0 to +6).
  • Less than 11% exhibited a supinated foot type.
  • A weak, inverse correlation was found between BMI and FPI (r=-0.066, p<0.01), indicating no significant relationship between increased body mass and pronated feet.

Conclusions:

  • The pronated foot posture is the most common in childhood, with an average FPI score of +4.
  • Foot posture shows a non-linear trend towards less pronation with increasing age.
  • A broad range of normal foot posture exists throughout childhood.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrenflatfootfootfoot posture indexpaediatricposture

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