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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

Climate models can correctly simulate the continuum of global-average temperature variability.

Feng Zhu¹, Julien Emile-Geay², Nicholas P McKay³

¹Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|April 17, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Climate models accurately simulate global temperature variability across timescales. However, simulating regional climate changes requires accurate deep ocean initial conditions for long-range persistence.

Keywords:

climate variability model evaluation scaling laws spectral analysis

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Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

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Area of Science:

Climate Science
Earth System Science
Paleoclimatology

Background:

Climate records show significant scaling behavior with large exponents, leading to amplified fluctuations at longer timescales.
The capacity of current climate models to simulate these long-term fluctuations and associated variability remains uncertain, impacting future climate projections.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the ability of climate models to simulate observed climate variability across a wide range of timescales.
To investigate the physical mechanisms underlying long-range persistence in climate dynamics.

Main Methods:

Analysis of the latest climate simulations and synthesized observational data.
Spectral analysis of climate records and model outputs across interannual to multimillennial timescales.
Comparison of simple and comprehensive ocean-atmosphere models with observational data.

Main Results:

Strong agreement was found between observed and modeled spectra on timescales from interannual to multimillennial.
A scaling break was identified around millennial periodicities, differentiating orbital and annual peaks.
Both simple and complex models reproduced these spectral features, indicating oceanic integration of forcings.

Conclusions:

Climate models possess the fundamental physics to simulate the spectral continuum of global-mean temperature.
Long-range persistence in climate is linked to the ocean's integrated memory of past forcings, including orbital forcing.
Accurate simulation of suborbital climate variability necessitates deep ocean initial conditions that align with recent observational data.