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Non-stationary coherent quantum many-body dynamics through dissipation.

Berislav Buča1, Joseph Tindall2, Dieter Jaksch3,4

  • 1Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK. berislav.buca@physics.ox.ac.uk.

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Researchers discovered conditions where quantum many-body systems avoid stationary states due to dissipation. This leads to a novel dissipative quantum time crystal, potentially engineerable with ultracold atoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Quantum systems are expected to reach stationary states over time, a principle fundamental to statistical physics.
  • The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis explains this for isolated systems, while environmental interactions are thought to explore all phase space.
  • Decoherence-free subspaces are known exceptions, but have been limited to small systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify general conditions enabling dissipation to prevent quantum many-body systems from reaching stationary states.
  • To explore controllable long-time non-stationarity beyond current dissipative quantum state engineering.
  • To investigate the creation of a dissipative quantum time crystal.

Main Methods:

  • Identifying simple and generic conditions for non-stationarity in dissipative quantum many-body systems.
  • Analyzing coherent and oscillatory evolution in these systems.
  • Proposing engineering of such dynamics using fermionic ultracold atoms in optical lattices.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that dissipation can prevent quantum many-body systems from reaching a stationary state.
  • Introduced the concept of a dissipative quantum time crystal, a novel non-stationary phase.
  • Established conditions for controllable long-time non-stationarity.

Conclusions:

  • Dissipation can lead to persistent, complex dynamics in quantum many-body systems, defying the typical approach to stationarity.
  • The identified phenomena represent a dissipative analogue of quantum time crystals.
  • These dynamics may be experimentally realized using ultracold fermionic atoms.