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Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
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MeshMonk: Open-source large-scale intensive 3D phenotyping.

Julie D White1, Alejandra Ortega-Castrillón2,3, Harold Matthews4,5,6

  • 1Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. jdw345@psu.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new toolbox enables high-throughput 3D image analysis for biological phenotyping. This tool offers accurate and reproducible dense surface registration, aiding in the study of biological shape variation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biological Sciences
  • Computer Science
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • Dense surface registration is valuable for biological phenotype quantification.
  • Existing tools are often not openly available, user-friendly, or biologically validated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a customizable, reproducible, and high-throughput toolbox for dense phenotyping of 3D biological images.
  • To provide a non-expert friendly solution for biological shape analysis.

Main Methods:

  • The toolbox employs a two-step registration process: scaled rigid registration followed by non-rigid transformation.
  • It utilizes 3D facial images (n=41) for validation, comparing manual landmark placement with automated results.

Main Results:

  • MeshMonk registration demonstrated high accuracy with an average error of 1.26 mm across 19 landmarks.
  • No significant variation in landmark position or centroid size was observed between manual and automated landmarking methods.

Conclusions:

  • The MeshMonk toolbox provides accurate and reproducible dense surface registration for biological applications.
  • Its ability to generate dense meshes facilitates comprehensive investigations into 3D biological shape variation, with implications for understanding phenotype, development, and evolution.