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Power motivation and achievement motivation are two essential social motives identified by psychologist David McClelland. These motives influence behavior in various personal and professional contexts, shaping how individuals interact with others and pursue their goals.
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Related Experiment Video

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Diverse motives for human curiosity.

Kenji Kobayashi1, Silvio Ravaioli2,3, Adrien Baranès4

  • 1The Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. kenji.kobayashi@berkeley.edu.

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|April 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Human curiosity about uncertain events is driven by savoring potential rewards. New models show curiosity depends on the value and certainty of individual prize components, not just total outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Curiosity, a fundamental human drive, remains mechanistically poorly understood.
  • Classical models of curiosity focus on the desire to reduce uncertainty about overall outcomes.
  • Individual differences in curiosity motives present a significant explanatory gap.

Discussion:

  • This study investigated curiosity towards probabilistic events using a monetary prize task.
  • Participants' information-seeking behavior varied based on ex ante uncertainty and value of individual prizes.
  • Existing models failed to capture this heterogeneity in curiosity drivers.

Key Insights:

  • Curiosity is influenced by multiple aspects of probabilistic event distributions, not just total reward uncertainty.
  • An extended model incorporating attribute-specific anticipatory utility explains individual differences.
  • Anticipatory utility, the savoring of reward components, increases non-linearly with certainty.

Outlook:

  • Attribute-specific anticipatory utility offers a fundamental explanation for heterogeneity in curiosity determinants.
  • Findings suggest curiosity mechanisms are sensitive to the nuanced structure of potential rewards.
  • Future research can explore this model in diverse contexts beyond monetary gains and losses.