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Nutrient availability alters the correlation between spring leaf-out and autumn leaf senescence dates.

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|April 17, 2019
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Summary

Leaf senescence timing is influenced by nutrient supply and leaf-out dates. Fertilization delays senescence, while earlier leaf-out advances it, with species-specific interactions observed in horse chestnut and beech trees.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Plant ecology
  • Forest science
  • Phenology

Background:

  • Leaf senescence (LS) impacts tree fitness and ecosystem function.
  • Previous studies on LS drivers focused on environmental cues and statistical analyses.
  • Experimental investigation of LS processes and drivers is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the interactive effects of nutrient supply and leaf-out (LO) timing on leaf senescence.
  • To determine if nutrient addition and advanced LO date influence LS timing.
  • To compare species-specific responses in horse chestnut and beech.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a nutrient-addition experiment following a spring-warming experiment to induce varied LO dates in saplings.
  • Applied nutrient enrichment to horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings.
  • Confirmed findings in beech with mature trees at a regional scale.

Main Results:

  • Increased nutrient supply significantly delayed LS, while advanced LO date significantly advanced LS.
  • Species-specific interactions were observed: chestnut showed stronger senescence delay with later LO, while beech showed diminishing delay with later LO.
  • Experimental findings for beech were validated with mature trees.

Conclusions:

  • The interactive effects of leaf-out timing and nutrient supply on leaf senescence are significant and species-specific.
  • These findings have implications for phenological models assessing climate change impacts.
  • Further experimental studies across diverse temperate tree species are recommended to generalize findings.