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Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
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Islet inflammation in type 2 diabetes.

Marianne Böni-Schnetzler1,2, Daniel T Meier3,4

  • 1Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. marianne.boeni@unibas.ch.

Seminars in Immunopathology
|April 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammation in type 2 diabetes involves islet immune cells and cytokines, which can be detrimental but also have adaptive roles. This review explores islet inflammation in humans and animal models, highlighting cytokine signaling in islet cell function.

Keywords:
CytokinesIL-1βInsulinIslet inflammationType 2 diabetesβ-Cell

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, are linked to chronic meta-inflammation.
  • Beta-cell (β-cell) failure is a key factor in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.
  • While immune cells and cytokines can harm islets, recent findings suggest initial adaptive roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review islet inflammation features in diabetes and prediabetes.
  • To differentiate human islet inflammation from findings in animal models.
  • To discuss the physiological role of cytokines in islet cell adaptation and function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on islet inflammation in humans.
  • Analysis of in vivo animal models to understand mechanistic aspects.
  • Examination of the signaling role of cytokines in islet cells.

Main Results:

  • Islet inflammation involves increased innate immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines, often detrimental.
  • Evidence suggests initial adaptive and restorative functions of inflammatory factors in metabolism.
  • Cytokines play a newly recognized physiological signaling role in islet cell adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Islet inflammation in diabetes is complex, with both damaging and adaptive inflammatory roles.
  • Understanding islet inflammation requires integrating human data with mechanistic insights from animal models.
  • The physiological signaling functions of cytokines in islet cells warrant further investigation.