Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
Published on: March 17, 2023
68Ga-PSMA PET thyroid incidentalomas
Francesco Bertagna1, Domenico Albano2, Luca Giovanella3
1Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy. francesco.bertagna@unibs.it.
Introduction:
Thyroid incidentaloma is defined as a thyroid lesion incidentally and newly detected by imaging techniques performed for an unrelated purpose and especially for a non-thyroid disease. The aim of this review is to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of focal incidental radiolabelled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) uptake in the thyroid gland [PSMA thyroid incidentaloma (PTI)] revealed by PET/CT or PET/MRI.
Methods:
A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases was conducted to find relevant published articles about the prevalence and clinical significance of PTIs detected by PET/CT or PET/MRI in patients studied for other oncologic purposes.
Results:
Twelve articles were included in the systematic review. Among 23 PTIs, 6 were malignant (5 primary thyroid tumors and one metastasis from renal cell carcinoma), one was a follicular lesion of undetermined significance, and the rest were benign.
Conclusion:
Despite being very rare, though probably underestimated, PTIs frequently signal the presence of unexpected lesions in the thyroid which differ from the indicated reason for which the patient was initially scanned and concerning which the risk of malignancy is not negligible.
Related Concept Videos
The Thyroid Gland
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Co-activators and Co-repressors
What are Proteins?

