Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:10

Pharmacokinetics: Overview

9.4K
Pharmacokinetics is a scientific discipline that focuses on the journey of a drug within the body, encompassing four key stages: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The first stage, absorption, involves the drug's transfer into the bloodstream. Several factors dictate the extent and speed of this process. For example, the liver often metabolizes oral drugs before they reach systemic circulation, leading to only partial absorption. In contrast, intravenous (IV)...
9.4K
Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview01:20

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

2.0K
Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
2.0K
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:19

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview

1.1K
Nonlinear or dose-dependent pharmacokinetics is a phenomenon that occurs when the pharmacokinetic parameters of certain drugs deviate from linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses. These drugs do not follow the expected first-order kinetics, where the rate of drug elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration. Instead, they exhibit a nonlinear relationship, which can be attributed to several factors.
Nonlinearity can arise due to the saturation of plasma protein-binding or...
1.1K
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity01:22

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity

719
Nonlinearity in drug pharmacokinetics is caused by various factors influencing how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Understanding these nonlinear processes is crucial for predicting drug behavior in the body and optimizing drug dosing regimens.
Nonlinear drug absorption can occur when the process is rate-limited by solubility, carrier-mediated transport systems, or saturation of the presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism. For instance, high doses of riboflavin...
719
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:28

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview

4.0K
Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
4.0K
Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics01:24

Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics

922
Cholinergic antagonists—such as antimuscarinics—are available in oral, topical, ocular, parenteral, and inhalational formulations. Most antimuscarinics are oral formulations,  while scopolamine is available as a topical patch, and ipratropium and tiotropium are available as inhalation aerosols or powders. Atropine, tropicamide, and cyclopentolate are topically instilled in the eye. Most antimuscarinics are lipid-soluble and readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and...
922

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical efficacy of Fufang Zaofan Pills and their immunomodulatory effects on peripheral blood dendritic cells in individuals with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome.

Journal of molecular histology·2026
Same author

Enhanced production and anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharides through the overexpression of β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase gene in Ganoderma lingzhi.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Chronic Excessive Exposure to Fluoride Impairs the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier to Cause Inflammatory Response and Microbiome Dysbiosis in Rats.

Biological trace element research·2026
Same author

Post-chemotherapy C-reactive protein/albumin ratio predicts prognosis in stage II-III colorectal cancer.

World journal of gastrointestinal surgery·2026
Same author

Pachymic acid targets PDIA6 to delay mesenchymal stem cell senescence through the G6PD/STAT3 signaling axis and prevent senile osteoporosis.

Journal of advanced research·2026
Same author

Sustainable Green Ammonia Production from Water and Air at Room Temperature.

Nano letters·2025
Same journal

[Research status and comprehensive evaluation strategies for quality uniformity of Chinese patent medicines].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same journal

[Clinical research evidence map analysis of TCM in treatment of unstable angina pectoris in elderly patients].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same journal

[Diagnostic criteria for kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in male infertility].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same journal

[Study on metabolism and excretion of Yanlishuang Oral Dripping Pills in rat bile, feces, and urine based on chromatography-mass spectrometry technology].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same journal

[Effect and mechanism of Ligustrum robustum extract in intervening in lipid metabolism pathways to reduce lipid levels in hyperlipidemic mice].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same journal

[Metabolomics and metagenomics reveal mechanism of Xinglou Chengqi Decoction in preventing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
08:59

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

Published on: December 3, 2020

8.6K

[Pharmacokinetics of ganoderic acids].

Fei-Fei Zhang1, Ru-Ming Liu2

  • 1Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology,Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003,China Wound Repair Laboratory,Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003,China.

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
|April 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ganoderic acid (GA), a key component of Ganoderma lucidum, shows promising pharmacological effects. This review details its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) to guide clinical use.

Keywords:
Ganoderma lucidumganoderic acidpharmacokineticresearch progress

More Related Videos

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

33.3K
Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
06:52

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Published on: November 1, 2019

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
08:59

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

Published on: December 3, 2020

8.6K
Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

33.3K
Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
06:52

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Published on: November 1, 2019

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Natural Products

Background:

  • Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese medicine.
  • Ganoderic acid (GA) is a major bioactive triterpenoid component.
  • GA exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including anticancer and immunomodulatory effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Ganoderic acid (GA).
  • To summarize the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of GA.
  • To provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of Ganoderma-derived drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pharmacokinetic studies on Ganoderic acid.
  • Analysis of existing data on GA absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
  • Synthesis of findings to elucidate GA's ADME profile.

Main Results:

  • Ganoderic acid (GA) is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
  • GA distributes to various tissues and organs after oral administration.
  • Metabolism occurs in the liver (Phase I and II) with primary excretion via bile.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding GA's pharmacokinetic profile is crucial for its therapeutic application.
  • Further pharmacokinetic studies are needed to support the rational clinical use of Ganoderma triterpenoids.
  • This review provides essential ADME data for developing Ganoderma-based pharmaceuticals.