Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026
08:28
Experimental Models for Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Physiology and Pathophysiology
Published on: November 6, 2010
19.8K
[Ghrelin Physiology and Pathophysiology: Focus on the Cardiovascular System]
O V Gruzdeva1, D A Borodkina2, E V Belik3
1Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases Kemerovo State Medical University.
Kardiologiia
|April 17, 2019
Summary
Ghrelin, a stomach hormone, plays a key role in cardiovascular health by protecting heart cells and improving function in heart failure. It also shows potential in preventing cardiovascular diseases.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Ghrelin is a peptide hormone primarily synthesized in the stomach.
- It acts via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1 alpha (GHS-R1α).
- Ghrelin influences appetite, metabolism, and various organ systems, including the cardiovascular system.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of ghrelin in cardiovascular system functioning.
- To investigate ghrelin's effects on cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells.
- To assess ghrelin's potential in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on ghrelin and cardiovascular function.
- Analysis of studies investigating ghrelin's effects on cardiac cells and in animal models of heart failure.
- Examination of clinical data on ghrelin's impact on human cardiovascular parameters.
Main Results:
- Cardiomyocytes synthesize ghrelin, and GHS-R1α is present in the heart and major blood vessels.
- Ghrelin inhibits apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, improving left ventricular function post-ischemia-reperfusion.
- Ghrelin improves cardiac function, attenuates cachexia in heart failure models, and exerts vasodilatory effects in humans.
Conclusions:
- Ghrelin has significant cardioprotective effects, including anti-apoptotic and functional improvements.
- Ghrelin demonstrates therapeutic potential for heart failure and cardiovascular diseases.
- Ghrelin holds predictive value for the development and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology
1.2K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.2K
01:22Pathophysiology of Vomiting
2.9K
Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
2.9K
01:14Overview of the Cardiovascular System
11.3K
The cardiovascular system is a vital transportation system in the body. It comprises the heart and blood vessels and facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.
Heart
The heart is the central pump of the cardiovascular system that circulates blood throughout the body. It comprises two atria receiving the blood and two ventricles pumping blood out of the heart. Their rhythmic contractions, called heartbeats, ensure that blood flow remains continuous.
Blood Vessels
Blood...
Heart
The heart is the central pump of the cardiovascular system that circulates blood throughout the body. It comprises two atria receiving the blood and two ventricles pumping blood out of the heart. Their rhythmic contractions, called heartbeats, ensure that blood flow remains continuous.
Blood Vessels
Blood...
11.3K
01:26Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
4.2K
Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
4.2K
01:29Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance
1.5K
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
1.5K
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
3.2K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
3.2K