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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Quantifying Heat02:46

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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
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The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
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Heat-Related Illnesses.

Robert Gauer1, Bryce K Meyers2

  • 1Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC, USA.

American Family Physician
|April 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High environmental heat can cause heat-related illnesses, ranging from mild cramps to life-threatening heat stroke. Prompt recognition and treatment, including cooling and hydration, are crucial for preventing severe outcomes and ensuring recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Sports Medicine
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Heat-related illnesses (HRIs) are a spectrum of conditions caused by thermoregulation failure in hot environments.
  • HRIs affect athletes, outdoor laborers, and military personnel, with risk factors including medical conditions, medications, and poor acclimatization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of heat-related illnesses, risk factors, and effective management strategies.
  • To emphasize the importance of prompt recognition and treatment for preventing adverse outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and management protocols for various heat-related illnesses.
  • Identification of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors contributing to HRIs.

Main Results:

  • Heat exhaustion involves hypoperfusion and elevated temperature (up to 104°F) without central nervous system dysfunction; management includes cooling, rest, and hydration.
  • Heat stroke is a medical emergency with temperatures ≥105°F, multiorgan damage, and CNS dysfunction, requiring rapid cooling (ice water immersion) and hospitalization.
  • Prompt cooling within 30 minutes leads to excellent outcomes; patients need to refrain from activity for 7-28 days post-recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of HRIs involves prompt recognition, appropriate cooling, hydration, and rest.
  • Acclimatization, adequate hydration, and avoiding activity during extreme heat are key preventive measures.
  • Individuals with severe HRIs require hospitalization and a gradual return to physical activity.