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Related Concept Videos

DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

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The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
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The mTOR pathway: Implications for DNA replication.

Noa Lamm1, Samuel Rogers1, Anthony J Cesare1

  • 1Genome Integrity Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
|April 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The ATR and mTOR pathways are interconnected, influencing DNA replication and stress responses. Understanding this link may reveal new cancer treatment strategies targeting replication stress.

Keywords:
ATRDNA replicationGenome stabilityReplication stressmTOR

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • DNA replication is crucial for genome stability.
  • Replication stress, an alteration in DNA replication dynamics, drives genome instability and cancer.
  • The ATR kinase regulates the replication stress response to maintain genome integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interconnectivity between the ATR and mTOR kinase pathways.
  • To explore potential mechanisms of mTOR involvement in DNA replication and the replication stress response.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the mTOR-replication stress axis in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on ATR, mTOR, DNA replication, and cancer.
  • Analysis of signaling networks and molecular mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge to propose putative interactions.

Main Results:

  • The ATR and mTOR pathways exhibit significant interconnectivity.
  • mTOR signaling influences cell growth, metabolism, and stress responses, potentially impacting DNA replication.
  • Evidence suggests mTOR plays a role in managing replication stress.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between ATR and mTOR is critical for regulating DNA replication and cellular responses to stress.
  • Targeting the connection between mTOR and replication stress offers a promising avenue for novel cancer therapies.
  • Further research into these pathways could lead to improved oncological treatments.