Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit
07:38

Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit

Published on: December 16, 2015

13.0K

Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Consumer Milk Supplies in North America using the Charm Test II Procedure

D L Collins-Thompson1, D S Wood1, I Q Thomson1

  • 1Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1.

Journal of Food Protection
|April 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Antibiotic residues, including tetracycline and sulphamethazine, were detected in a significant number of North American milk samples. The Charm Test II procedure was more effective than the Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay in identifying these common contaminants.

Area of Science:

  • Food Safety
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Veterinary Public Health

Background:

  • Antibiotic residues in milk pose a potential risk to consumer health and can contribute to antimicrobial resistance.
  • Monitoring antibiotic contamination in the food supply is crucial for public health surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of antibiotic residues in consumer milk samples across North America.
  • To compare the effectiveness of two different testing methods for antibiotic detection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 214 consumer milk samples from North America using the Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay (Charm test) and the competitive isotopic (Charm Test II) procedure.
  • Identification and quantification of specific antibiotic residues, including tetracycline and sulphamethazine.

Main Results:

  • 150 out of 174 US milk samples tested positive for one or more antibiotic residues.
  • Sulphamethazine (82 samples) and tetracycline (48 samples) were the most frequently detected antibiotics in US samples.
  • 12 Canadian samples tested positive for tetracycline and 12 for sulphamethazine.
  • The Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay showed lower sensitivity in detecting these residues compared to Charm Test II.

Conclusions:

  • A high prevalence of antibiotic residues exists in North American milk supplies.
  • Charm Test II is a more sensitive method for detecting common antibiotic residues like tetracycline and sulphamethazine.
  • Further comparative studies with similarly sensitive methods are recommended to validate findings.

More Related Videos

Preparation and Application of a New Bacterial Biosensor for the Presumptive Detection of Gunshot Residue07:09

Preparation and Application of a New Bacterial Biosensor for the Presumptive Detection of Gunshot Residue

Published on: May 9, 2019

8.4K
Using a Virtual Store As a Research Tool to Investigate Consumer In-store Behavior09:17

Using a Virtual Store As a Research Tool to Investigate Consumer In-store Behavior

Published on: July 24, 2017

11.8K

Related Concept Videos

Residual Stresses01:26

Residual Stresses

Residual stresses reside in a structure even after removing the original stress inducer. This phenomenon often arises from varied plastic deformations across different parts of a structure. Consider a rod stretched beyond its yield point. It will not regain its original length due to permanent deformation. Even after load removal, the rod does not entirely lose stress because of uneven plastic deformations, resulting in residual stresses. The computation of these stresses in structures is...
607
Residual Plots01:07

Residual Plots

A residual plot is a statistical representation of data used to analyze correlation and regression results. It helps verify the requirements for drawing specific conclusions about correlation and regression. To obtain the residual plot, first, the residual for each data value is calculated, which is simply the vertical distance between the observed and the predicted value obtained from the regression equation.
When the residual values are plotted against the variable x, it is called a residual...
6.3K
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview
59.6K
Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts01:10

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts

In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
527
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
540
Nerve Supply of the GI Tract01:27

Nerve Supply of the GI Tract

The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
3.5K